7 Weather-Related Phobias, and What Causes Them

Tamales History, Regional Differences, and Family...

Tamales: History, Regional Differences, and Family Cultural Interpretations Introduction: Tradition has been said to mirror a way of life. Observation has concluded that participants in tradition â€Å"actively construct as well as reflect culture and community† (Sacks 275). For most people in the 21st century, tradition only reveals itself during special times or certain seasons. For others it is simply a way of life. The foodways of Mexicans and Native Americans are of particular interest in this study because of the food that grew from necessity and is maintained as sacred or reserved for only special occasions. The tamale is one such food. Significantly changed and altered throughout history it has remained a†¦show more content†¦Discussions during tamale making concerned the proper construction of the tamale itself. Masa not too thick, filling not too scarce, and wrapping assembled just right. Conversation that enveloped the atmosphere included everything from local gossip and men, to jobs and kids. Much of what I learned about the meaning of life and womanhood came from these long days of constructing not only tamales, but of family, gender, and a sense of heritage that would become a passion. In this essay, I will discuss the history of tamales; their origin and reason for existence. I will review the traditional tamale and its construction as well as introduce the ever-growing market of new and improved types of tamales. I will entwine different perspectives and narratives of personal encounters with tamales, their production, and how it has come to affect their personal lives in relation to race, gender and family or community roles. Finally I will discuss the differences and similarities in tamales in my native state of New Mexico, and in my new home state of Colorado, and I will introduce tamales from and around the world in Spanish speaking countries, including a focus on such ethnicities as Mexican and Native Americans. I hope to prove that tamales are more than just good food; they belong to a people who work diligently for the sake of their family and their heritage.

Dostoevsky Kierkegaard Nietsche And Jaspers Essay Research free essay sample

Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard, Nietsche, And Jaspers Essay, Research Paper Daniel Leonard Existentialism Dr. Brahinsky March 27, 2000 Trev, wake up! Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Jaspers write of many of import issues refering our being and society in general, but the 1 that involvements me the most is the belief in the ignorance and stupidity of the bulk of the human race. We are so shockable, so asleep, so afraid of researching ourselves and what is beyond this across-the-board narrative we have created and in which we live ( and ironically hatred ) . These four philosophers all seem to see the large image. Some wish they neer had, others feel born once more and superior to the remainder of world. Regardless, until the full universe understands, there is no hope for adult male # 8217 ; s endurance. I will get down with Mr. Nietzsche who speaks with a really barbarous and pointed attitude. He is rather angry with people in general for being shallow, for falling asleep to the cultural drone humming in the dorsum of all our caputs. It is so easy to populate daily like dead organic structures, making what you are told, working invariably to avoid believing excessively much. ( That # 8217 ; s why I love work! ) . We fear what is indoors. We are afraid to be as our psyche and our heads. Society, scientific discipline, and even academic doctrine avoid looking inward, or paradoxically, seeing the large image. The full universe is seting us to kip. They # 8220 ; effort to understand this canvas and these colourss, but non the image # 8221 ; ( Nietzsche in Kaufman, 124 ) . Merely the true philosopher, the true understander of being, can uncover that topographic point where stuff can no longer pervert you. There are so many obstructions ( we refer to them as civilization and usage ) in this universe that obstruct our way to higher consciousness where we will recognize the unity of everything and achieve witting love. Equally shortly as we realize we are all bubbles drifting on the same ocean, we become wholly free from these obstructions and have nil to fear, non even decease. This is heaven on Earth. Nietzsche recognized faith as possibly the greatest obstruction of them all. It purportedly was created to assist get the better of all the other obstructions, but now farther disorients us and about leads us in the opposite way. Interestingly, Nietzsche sees as the root of turning nihilism non social or psychological corruptness, but Christian reading. I # 8217 ; m non rather certain I understand this, but the manner I see it is Christianity ( along with many faiths ) # 8211 ; the one establishment created to salve and give significance to life # 8211 ; is, through its current and turning lip service, taking intending off from life. Jesus was a great instructor. His cardinal message was that if we love one another and do non let ourselves to acquire caught up in the mundane facets of life, we can accomplish a higher degree of being and happen true felicity. Christianity developed out of Jesus # 8217 ; learning as a kind of stepping-stone to assist people understand Jesus and acq uire to the topographic point he was speaking about. Christianity is like a set of guidelines to take us to higher consciousness. But we have made a complete jeer of Christ and his instruction. Christianity has lost sight of its original end and go wholly bemused with regulations and ordinances. We do non necessitate faith ; it is merely here to assist us. But alternatively of higher consciousness going the end, faith is now the end. Equally long as you follow the regulations and ordinances of the church, every bit long as you have faith, you are a good individual. Incorrect! You are a nihilist. In The Antichrist Nietzsche viciously attacks the priests and theologists who advocate this fabricated universe of God, the Satan, wickedness, salvation, free will, etc, which # 8220 ; falsifies, devalues, and negates world # 8221 ; because we can non stand the sight of it ( Nietzsche, 533 ) . The church has pronounced sanctums exactly what the Jesus the Gospel felt to be beneath and behin d himself ( Nietzsche, 536 ) . The land of Eden is non a topographic point we go after we die. It is a province of the bosom and we can be at that place right now, here on Earth, if we follow Jesus # 8217 ; true message. But what is Jesus # 8217 ; true message? If nil else it is to be yourself, love your neighbour, and avoid the crowd at all costs ( nice segue, right? ) . Soren Kierkergaard has a large job with # 8220 ; the crowd # 8221 ; of which so many worlds seem to be a portion. This mass of people bing in the province of consciousness called waking slumber is the wheels of our civilisation yet have no idea of where they are traveling. Kierkegaard is awake, and hence superior to everyone around him. His clip was one of technological pioneering, society blindly traveling frontward looking for ways to do like easier. Many boarded the bandwagon of alteration, following the technological revolution for no good ground. Kierkegaard went out into the streets of Copenhagen and tried to flim-flam people into seeing the truth by knocking society when he had no right to, because he was a moonstruck loafer ( in camouflage, of class ) . His chief job with the crowd is that is a safety for all who fear ind ividualism and the decision-making that comes with it. He speaks repeatedly of how the journalist can compose anything he wants ( things he would neer state talking one-on-one with another individual ) and his words will touch 1000s upon 1000s of ears and be taken earnestly, but because of the namelessness of both the writer and the public reader, duty for things said can be wholly avoided. The crowd is failing. The crowd is untruth. Nietzsche says the same thing: people are afraid to look inward. They seek safety from their heads in work and changeless activity. Jesus would hold no association with the crowd. Truth, individualism, and higher consciousness radiated from him. The nazarene could merely be # 8220 ; what He is, the truth, which relates itself to the single # 8221 ; ( Kierkegaard in Kaufman, 96 ) . That is why so many feared Him, and still make. That is why he was killed. Kierkegaard continues to explicate why so many turn their dorsums on higher consciousness with his construct of apprehension. Dread is a feeling that befalls us when we realize possible or possibility in ourselves, when we learn something new that forces us to do a pick or determination, or merely to believe in a new manner. Peoples fear freedom. They fear pick because one time one is confronted with chance he is expected to take advantage of it. If you learn something that brings you out of ignorance you can neer travel back to life in that nescient mode with a clean scruples because now you know better than to populate like that. If you do non modify your being based on what you have learned, you are looked down upon. Some people appreciate possibility ( ie. of going less nescient ) because they are willing to alter or they like the option to take. Most people would much instead have neer been told that the full human race originated from a individual population in Africa 200,000 o ld ages ago. They wallow in their ignorance and hatred being pressured to alter. The Underground Man must be the most astonishing illustration of apprehension one could conceive of. He is the manifestation of apprehension. His full head exists inside the kingdom of apprehension, and apprehension in the worst manner. He is faced with an unbelievable sum of possible and chance because of his heightened consciousness yet more than anyone is unable to do the # 8220 ; qualitative spring # 8221 ; merely because he is submerging in picks, in freedom as it would look. Kierkegaard is besides really concerned with what it means to go a Christian. What is the single # 8217 ; s relationship to Christianity? He inquiries why anyone would establish their ageless felicity on something about which they can non be certain ( like historical Christian certification ) , but so goes on to state that religion and passion are certainty, and they are what make you a true Christian. By the terminal of Kierkegaard # 8217 ; s choice I have decided that he greatly admires the true Christian, but looks down upon spiritual philosophy in that it is a crutch for those who are non genuinely passionate about God. He raises the really of import contrast between nonsubjective truth and subjective truth. Which is truer? A thing surely is non true merely because you believe it is true, but I do believe that subjective truth is the more of import of the two. There is more virtue in the adult male who prays with full passion to and idol than there is in the adult male who pray s to the true God but with a false spirit. I have a great regard for passion, but infinite passion with no nonsubjective foundation does non work ( like the illustration that inkinesss were born from the Satan ) . Kierkegaard puts it best in stating # 8220 ; The truth is exactly the venture which chooses an nonsubjective uncertainness with the passion of the space # 8221 ; ( Kierkegarrd in Kaufman, 117 ) . So it is a combination of the mind and emotion that makes us a # 8220 ; true # 8221 ; Christian. This ties in with Nietzsche # 8217 ; s thoughts of Christianity in that many alleged Christians purely rely on the aim, exoteric facets of faith for comfort and wholly lack the passion required to go a true Christian. Kierkegaard is right. We are Christians as a affair of class ( Kierkegaard in Kaufman, 120 ) . About everyone I know calls himself or herself a Christian, but I have met merely two or three of them who took the rubric earnestly and were genuinely passionate and had g reat religion. Peoples are afraid, or possibly merely unwilling, to take the hazard. Passionately believing in something that is unsure to you is unsafe. As civilisation pushs frontward and trust on ground and nonsubjective truths go more and more cardinal, our demand for God to explicate life continues to diminish. Hence, being a Christian with infinite passion in today # 8217 ; s universe is both black and foolish. We have killed God, says Nietzsche. I like Dostoevsky really much because I understand the 1000 gh procedure of the Underground Man. Last twelvemonth, in fact, I was certain I was on my manner to going what I can now term the Underground Man ( thanks to this category! ) . That was when I was excessively witting, hyper-aware, and really insecure. I was far from the province of the Underground Man, but certainly in the initial phases of paranoid-schizophrenia! My ideas seemed morbid. Not that consciousness itself was a disease, but that my heightened consciousness was in some manner poisoned. Therefore I feel Dostoevsky ( when I say Dostoevsky I am talking of his Underground Man ) is incorrect to name consciousness a disease. His gross outing ideas are non the merchandise of higher consciousness but of a morbid head. His ideas are non normal ; this is what I believe. Dostoevsky admits right off that he is more intelligent than anyone else around him. However, he besides admits that this is his ruin: an intelligent adult male is bound to be an basically nondescript animal, while a adult male of character, a adult male of action, is necessarily a limited animal ( Dostoevsky in Kaufman, 4 ) . So in one sense he looks down upon the stupid, unconscious, mean adult male who exists without thought, yet in the other he badly envies ( to the point of abhorrence, he adds ) the mean adult male exactly because he is unconscious ( his absence of inordinate idea enables him to be a adult male of action ) . In rereading Notes from Underground I realize that Dostoevsky is an absolute mastermind. I am in awe at his deepness of apprehension of heightened consciousness. I will take his mouse illustration and use it to myself. I, at one point, for about three old ages, thought excessively much. I became really self-aware, analysing everything I said and everything s aid to me. I became ashamed. I became immobile, and it was most acute when I smoked marihuana. I was so immobile when high that I was afraid to talk. I would desire to discourse and come back, felt compelled to, cognize precisely when something should be said and what its content should be, but could non because I was surrounded by a # 8220 ; nefariousness in the signifier of inquiries and uncertainties. . .caught up in a fatal mire # 8221 ; ( Dostoevsky in Kaufman, 11 ) . And when I did talk, I crumbled, and my insecurity was revealed, and therefore I thought of myself as worthless, a mouse. No 1 called me worthless but myself, but I was convinced that, objectively talking, I was worthless. I was a individual who did nil, entertained nil, and benefited no 1 in any manner. Merely God knows why I was alive. There are others in the universe who are worthless but are non witting of it. This puts me all the more at mistake because I realize my ineptitude and therefore should be able t o alter. But I can non alter ; it is impossible. Thankss to modern medical specialty, this is where I stop and the Underground Man picks up. He, recognizing he can non alter himself, crawls into the black hole of desperation and drowns himself in retrieving every clip he was humiliated. Then he drowns himself in his ain ill feelings about himself. After many, many old ages he begins to accept his earnestly flawed character. He takes pride in his disease and becomes masochistic. He defiles and degrades himself in the face of others, welcomes the # 8220 ; toxicant of unrealized desires turned inward, # 8221 ; and in the terminal feels a unusual pleasance in it all. Forgive my aside. I think the lesson Dostoevsky provides is ignorance is bliss. His disaffection is accentuated by the societal criterions of his clip. The decisive # 8220 ; adult male of action # 8221 ; is the 1 who achieves and becomes something. Unfortunately in this universe, you need to believe quick, act fast, and be certain in order to last. You have to cognize how to populate on the surface, to interact with others # 8217 ; personalities ( masks ) . Dostoevsky merely knows how to be as his internal being, his true being. Possibly due to his lonely upbringing he neer learned how to interact as the universe interacts, on an external degree. And since he could non make this he was alienated from the start, and continued to be alienated and to hold his true ego corrupted by blending kernel and character with out separating between the two, bring forthing his current writhed being: a paranoiac and a schizophrenic. You see, many people possess some grade of higher consciousness, but they besides know how to interact on the degree on which our society is founded # 8211 ; the degree of the mundane. These people possess being ( ability to move and take ) and cognition ( emotion, mind ) and are on their manner to apprehension ( being awake ) . Dostoevsky possessed enormous cognition, but really small being. Therefore, he had apprehension ( and possibly had even reached the # 8220 ; self consciousness # 8221 ; level a measure above the # 8220 ; wake up # 8221 ; degree ) but it was manifested in a negative manner because of his deficiency of being. ( This is my best and concluding effort at explicating Dostoevsky place! ) Carl Jaspers: the concluding chapter. Unlike our other three philosophers, Jaspers, at least as it appears to me, is less concerned with the particular. ( He is much nicer besides! ) He tries to gestate and project consciousness and being in their broadest sense. He focuses less on the person, the crowd, God, higher consciousness as a finish, and more on how these things exist inside and outside our consciousness. Jaspers # 8217 ; narrative is the most complex yet, but fortuitously he goes to great strivings to explicate himself. Still, I had a hard clip working through his doctrine, so bear with me. We worlds live and think in skylines, but the fact that we have skylines indicates there is something beyond them, environing the given skyline ( Jaspers in Kaufman, 211 ) . Jaspers now introduces the Encompassing, its two manners # 8211 ; Bing itself and the Encompassing which we are # 8211 ; and the three manifestations of the latter manner: empirical being, consciousness as such, and spirit. Jaspers makes a differentiation between the consciousness of life existences and consciousness in general, or empirical being versus the Encompassing of empirical being ( aka. Bing itself, or existenz ) . He calls the first an actuality and the 2nd an inactuality. Right now, as I think, I am witting but enclosed in my ain individualism. In my self-awareness I exist as merely an realization of truth, as a mere contemplation of my true ego. My being, my witting being, that is, is a consequence of the intersection of eternity with the temporal. This reminds me of two things: Kant # 8217 ; s th ing-in-itselfs and phenomena, and the ocean analogy. Empirical being sounds like Kant # 8217 ; s Phenomena in that it is the point at which non-physical things and thoughts like life, consciousness, and the psyche become objectively accessible to us. We grasp, analyze, and understand these things. Then we see past this topographic point, where unknown meets the head, to the unknown where we ( and everything ) exist in pure kernel. This we can non hold on. Another manner to see the state of affairs is that we are all bubbles on the surface of the ocean. Everyone comes from and returns to the same topographic point: the ocean. Recognizing this, we reach a higher degree of consciousness similar to witting love. So the manner we exist usually ( in the matrix, haha ) is an Empirical being as an indirect manifestation of our true egos ( Bing itself ) , in other words, as a contemplation. We achieve consciousness as such when we realize these restrictions of our consciousness, when we rea lize that nil we see is in its true signifier, but instead something created from our ain head. Spirit is acknowledging that everyone is everything because we are all portion of the same whole ( the ocean ) . # 8220 ; The person as spirit is non himself, but the integrity of contingent persons and of the necessary universal # 8221 ; ( Jaspers in Kaufman, 220 ) . Kant hit a dead terminal and decided we will neer be able to step outside our witting to see things as they truly are. Jaspers, nevertheless, takes us farther. He says we can excel the Encompassing which we are ; we can go our echt egos. We can Be, in the most cardinal yet most absolute manner. This is existenz, where everything appears to everything else in its true signifier, as if one were looking down upon the Encompassing. This I achieve existenz through transcendency. # 8220 ; Transcendence is the power through which I am truly myself # 8221 ; ( Jaspers in Kaufman, 219 ) . Existenz is infinity in clip. This is wher e no boundary of any kind can be found. This is where pure communicating occurs. This is absolute truth. This is God. Existenz is sing the thing-in-itself. Jaspers goes on to speak about ground and existenz being contingent upon one another, but I will non acquire into that. My reading of Jaspers is convoluted plenty, and for that I apologize. If I had more clip I would explicate myself better. The bottom line for me is that Jaspers has combined the power of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche with his ain and has explained rather convincingly that we can see God, that there is hope for world, and it begins with paying a spot more attending. I can make that. I was witting one time, but it was a bad kind of witting, like Dostoevsky # 8217 ; s. I was in horror of the awful ideas go throughing thru my caput. That # 8217 ; s when I was convinced I had a diseased head. Prozac has about cured me of that poisoned consciousness, and I # 8217 ; m now get downing to see spots and pieces of the higher consciousness I think these philosophers understand. There is so much bull*censored* in this universe ( for illustration, why do we have first feelings? ) . That # 8217 ; s why I chose the subject of shockable, dormant worlds. Because the manner we live is pathetic, and although I enjoy everyday life a great trade, I know existence runs much deeper than this, and I would wish to cognize those deepnesss and how to acquire at that place. What can adult male make? A snake pit of a batch. We have merely been reading the inquiry the incorrect manner. Kaufman, Walter. # 8220 ; Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sarte # 8221 ; Dostoevsky, Fyodor. # 8220 ; Notes from the Underground # 8221 ;

Proven Acl Prevention Essays - Knee, , Term Papers

Proven Acl Prevention Proven ACL Prevention? A Lady Cougar dribbles down the court on a fast-break, she goes in for a lay up; she shoots and when she lands her knee gives way and she falls to the floor gripping the knee. This has become and all to familiar picture in female athletics in recent years. Over the last decade and a half reports of injuries to knee ligaments shot up by 172%, with a large portion of those injuries belonging to female athletes. The most common ligament of the knee to be injured is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Resent studies show that anterior cruciate ligament tears are six to eight times more likely to occur in female athletes than in their male counterparts. Knee injuries in females come most often from non-contact situations, such as, planting and cutting, hyperextension, and hyper-flexion. This increase risk for women has sparked interest in reaching the cause and setting up training programs to reduce these ACL injuries. Many ideas about why women have a higher risk for ACL injuries exist. The four ligaments of the knee lend support and stability to the knee. Ligaments alone do not stabilize the knee, the hamstrings and the gastrocnemius muscles help to reduce the stress on the ACL and support the knee complex. Studies at the University of Michigan show a functional imbalance between quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Due to this imbalance females activate the quadriceps and not the hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles to counteract the forward movement of the tibia on the femur. This imbalance tends to agree with research that states that women have a lower ham-to-quad strength ratio than that of men. The ratio for leading female athletes is less than 50% on average while the normal ratio is approximately 70%. This decreased ratio shows that the hamstrings of female athletes are slower to react to forces applied above the knee than that of the quadriceps muscles, therefore increasing the stress appli ed to the ACL. Recent research shows that women land with a straight or hyperextended leg from jumps as low as 20 cm high. Landing from a jump is also one of the leading mechanism for non-contact ACL injuries. With the increase in the rate of ACL tears among female athletes, researchers are developing preventative training programs to reduce the risk factors of this injury. The leading researcher in this field is Tim Hewett, PhD, and the Director of Applied Research at the Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and educational foundation. Recently Dr. Hewett developed a strengthening program that focuses on decreasing the risk ACL injuries in athletes, particularly female athletes. There are three simple phases to his program; phase I, the technique, phase II, the fundamentals, and phase three, the performance. During phase one, it is not the quantity of jumps, but the type of jump performed. This area of the program stresses the proper way to jump. Starting with ankle bounces or wall jumps does this. This particular jump gets an athlete relying on the gastrocnemius. Next Hewett's program moves to tuck jumps, which bring the knees up to the chest, forcing the hams and quads to react to the force of landing. Landing tuck jumps without bouncing can accomplish the peak neuromuscular control of these muscles. Adding squatting to the tuck jumps increases the need for neuromuscular control of the quad and hams to stick a solid landing. When these types of activities were mastered, more difficult jumps could be added, such as 180-degree jumps. After accomplishing these types of jumps an athlete could move to the next stage. During phase II, the volume of exercises increases along with a weight program to increase the strength of the jumps. During this phase the athlete should be continuing the sam e jumps performed in phase I, becoming stronger and faster at each jump, progressing quickly to stage III. The performance stage says it all, optimal form and strength is the goal during this part of the program. Completing the training program alone will not decrease the risk of ACL injuries. Every athlete, male or female, has to sustain the proper form when jumping to decrease presser on the ACL. Hewett's results show that this program brought ham-to-quad ratios

Critical Theories of Bodies, Genders, Sexualities and Identities

Herd Behavior Bubbles And Crashes Essay Example

Herd Behavior Bubbles And Crashes Essay Example Herd Behavior Bubbles And Crashes Essay Herd Behavior Bubbles And Crashes Essay Above average returns are reflected in a generally more optimistic attitude that fosters the disposition to overtake others bullish beliefs and viscera. This economic influence makes bubbles transient phenomena and leads to repeated fluctuations around fundamental values. For a long time, the thinking about the functioning of stock markets in the economics profession was dominated by the Efficient Market Hypothesis (MME). Recent empirical investigations as well as factual developments have, however, eroded the trust in a theory which denies the existence of any systemic deviations of stock prices from their fundamental values. From the empirical side, one of the most discussed facts that gives rise to doubts in the verbal efficiency of stock marketers the finding that stock prices exhibit more volatility than fundamentals or expected returns do. The volatility debate has recently been summarized and evaluated by West (iii). He finds evidence in favor of the excess volatility hypothesis to be persuasive and states that it cannot be explained adequately by standard models of expected returns or rational bubbles. Being not compatible with the random walk models suggested by the MME, the finding of excess volatility points to intrinsic dynamic forces of speculative markets not related to fundamental factors. In his conclusion West, therefore,suggests that it might be necessary consider non-standard models focusing on fads and sociological or psychological mechanisms. A related empirical finding is the recent evidence on mean- reversion in asset prices (e. G. Potherb and Summers, 1988, and references therein). Technically, this means that there is positive autocorrelation over short horizons and negative autocorrelation over longer intervals in the data. A possible explanation is speculative overshooting of the price trend which is gradually eliminated beyond some range. Potherb and Summers, too, repose fads models to understand this regularity. The case for behavioral models Of financial markets was already made emphatically by Sheller (iii), where also some hints are given concerning relevant material in other sciences. Another important author to be mentioned here is Kindergarten (1989). Throughout his penetrating book he highlights the importance of psychological factors and * Earlier versions of this paper were presented in seminars at the Universities of Bamberger, Fielded, Cologne and Munich. I would like to thank Carl Carmella, Reins Franken, Max Hobble, Alexander Henderson, Lurch Meyer, Caravans Garnishment, Michael Schmidt, Hans-Werner Sin, Rajah Seth and especially Charles Kindergarten for helpful discussions, comments, and suggestions. The perceptive comments and suggestions of the referees are also gratefully acknowledged. Iii ] 882 THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL irrational factors in explaining historical financial crises. L Following these authors, the aim in this paper is to construct an elementary model of stock market dynamics which explicitly includes contagion of opinion and behavior and to offer a behavioral explanation for the empirical findings discussed above. Of course, the search for a theory which includes some kind Of non-rational behavior has not gone unrecognized by economic and financial theorists and a new paradigm began gradually to arise in the past few years under the heading of noise trader models. This line of research is characterized by the introduction of traders which in some way deviate from a perfectly rational scheme of behavior. These agents appear as naive traders, noise traders or chartists. Some authors (Delano et al. 1990, 1991) assume that noise traders misperceive expected returns, others describe their behavior as following a impel feedback rule and study the resulting dynamics of the market (Day and Hang, 1990; connote and Leland, 1990; Carmella, 1992). The way in which this paper aims at contributing to this body of literature is that the psychological factors which influence the behavior Of unsophisticated traders will be modeled explicitly. This means that a formalism is introduced which describes the formation of expectations by those who are not fully informed about fundamentals. These expectations depend mainly (perhaps among other things) on the behavior and expectations of others. Thus, what will be modeled is the process of mutual mimetic contagion among speculators. The key mechanism is similar to that described in Karmas (1 993) recent formalizations recruitment ant populations, which Karma suggested to be also of relevance for the analysis of social dynamics in speculative markets. The mechanism introduced below seems to be also consistent with Topsoils (I 991) theory of mimetic contagion, where the agents try to trace out information about fundamentals from the bid and ask prices of others (who, however, may be as uninformed as they are themselves). The mechanics Of the contagion process are laid out in Section l. In Section II a more complete description of the market process is developed by adding a fundamentalist group of traders and deriving the dynamics of prices. Conditions are given under which contagion may lead to the existence of (positive or negative) bubbles, I. E. Stationary states where actual prices exceed fundamental values or are below them. Bull and bear markets are, however, not stationary in reality. Bubbles grow up and burst, and periods where assets are undervalued or overvalued do not last forever. So it seems to be more appropriate to model them as transient phenomena. Section Ill, therefore, develops a model where switches been bull and bear markets occur periodically. The reason for this oscillation is that we allow additional econometricians to influence the process of opinion formation. To be precise, a slowly changing optimistic or pessimistic bias is 1 The following quotation from the preface to the second edition seems to be characteristic his position: the dismissal of conventional explanations of historical events with the remark that they violate the assumptions of economic analysis [I. . Full rationality] is infuriating It is time that economics accept reality. Kindergarten, 1989, p. Xiii). K Royal Economic Society 1995 This content downloaded from 122. 170. 126. 130 on Moon, 9 Mar 2015 04:01 :50 1995] BEHAVIOR, BUBBLES AND CRASHES 883 added to the contagion process. This variable for the overall disposition of the market depends on the only hard information available to naive speculators: the development of their actual returns includin g capital gains. Hence, speculators are not simply blind followers of the crowd: they quickly react on others behavior in order not to miss profit opportunities, but they also try to find out whether prevailing optimism or pessimism has a firm grounding in he markets actual development. The consequence is that once the pool of additional buyers in a bull market is exhausted and price increases diminish a gradual erosion of confidence in the validity of bullish beliefs occurs. This ends with a crash, and the game is repeated with reversed signs. Section IV concludes and points to possible extensions of the present approach. AN ELEMENTARY FORMALIZATION OF CONTAGION The present section is mainly concerned with the determination of the behavior of those traders who do not have access to information about fundamental values. In the absence of any piece of such information they serially have to rely on what can be observed on the market as the only base of their actions. Though I do not intend to discuss h ere what kinds of behavior can be designated as rational, should emphasis that following others Opinion is not irrational as long as there is no other source of information (see Orleans (I 989) and Lectures (1 992) for intensive discussion). If we accept this extreme assumption as an accurate description of the information set of a considerable part of traders, then a first conclusion could be that a speculator will be more willing to buy (sell) if he sees most traders eying (selling). The reason is that others behavior may presumably be influenced by better information about future developments of the market and may thus reveal information. As already mentioned such conjectures may be false, but nevertheless may lead to self-reinforcing fluctuations. The underlying process of contagion will be formalized by referring to the concept of synergistic originally developed in elementary particle and laser physics (see e. G. Hake, 983) and applied to various problems from the social sciences by Woodlice and Hag (1983) among others. 3 Synergistic basically insists of a probabilistic, macroscopic approach to the analysis of the dynamics of multi-component systems with interactions among the units constituting the system. Infection of attitudes will now be made explicit: with a high portion of optimistic traders, it would be very probable that the few remaining, pessimistic ones would also change their attitude and buy stocks. The same is to be expected with reversed signs. Hence one may postulate probabilities exist for a pessimistic trader to become optimistic, say p+, and viscera,p,+. With contagion both probabilities should depend on the actual distribution of attitudes captured by the index x or the number n: = p_+(x) = p-+(n/N), p+_ = p+_(x) = p+_(n/N). Note that this formulation implies all other individuals influence one reticular speculator in the same way. This excludes the existence of financial gurus whose statements attract exceptional attention by others. Another simplifying assumption is that every individual may change his opinion only once at any one time. Assuming furthermore that the transition probabilities are the same for all actors and considering a large population of speculators the number of actual transitions from one subgroup to the other (I. E. Teens n+ and n_) can be approximated by the product members of subgroup times probability to change to another subgroup. Thus, the change n the composition of the population of naive speculators can be determined in the following way: those who are pessimistic turn to an optimistic attitude with probability p+,. Consequently, we expect a fraction n_p+- to switch from the n _ to the n+group. Vice versa, with the probability p+ a bullish speculator is infected with a nega tive disposition implying that approximately a fraction n+p+ of this population will change their trading strategy.

The concepts related to supply and demand Term Paper

The concepts related to supply and demand - Term Paper Example This can be affected by various changes in the economy for example inflation, fashion etc. Supply is the term used to refer to the availability of a commodity in the market. The demand and supply of a commodity exhibit a high correlation which is determined by price (Fisher 2007 p 15). The law of demand states that; the lower the price, the higher the demand but under normal circumstances. On the other hand, the law of supply states that an increase in the price of a commodity results to an increase in its supply. This essay is an evaluation of the various concepts of supply and demand. The law of demand states that the lower the price of a commodity, the higher its demand (Fisher 2007 p 20). This means that the prices of items determine the willingness of a customer to buy an item. This rule though has its exceptions which may involve circumstances that may result from quality and quantity. In that aspect, a customer may refuse to buy an item for example a vehicle which is cheap but which is highly depreciated even though it may be selling at a lower price than a new one. The quantity of the item being bought may also influence the customer towards buying a commodity due to the requirements he may be wishing to satisfy (Gorman 2003 p 14). For example, a packet of fertilizer may be selling at a price of $30 for 50 Kg. A similar bag of fertilizer may also be selling at a cheaper price but in a 30 Kg package. In this case, the demand for the 50 Kg package would not be affected since the consumer would be buying according to the vastness of the area the fertilizer is to be applied. However, the law of demand under the normal circumstances can be represented on a demand curve, whereby the effects of price change on demand can be represented. This curve shows the difference in the quantity demanded as compared to the price change. When the price is at the lowest i.e. P1, the demand becomes high i.e. Q3. When the prices are high i.e. P3, the

Confederation and Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Confederation and Constitution - Essay Example The American constitution underwent a lengthy process during its drafting and various amendments have been made so that it can be more efficient for the governing of the states. In 1776, the continental congress drafted â€Å"the article of confederation† which brought together 13 founding states of the United States of America: This article was later ratified in 1781. In the article of confederation, the relationship between the uniting states was defined and also a common name was adopted for the union of the states (Howard, 2005). After various administrative set backs, this article of confederation was found to be inefficient and hence was later replaced by the American constitution in 1789. Though the article of confederation had some similarities with the constitution, these two documents were different in the following ways. The constitution established an organized form of government. The government was divided into three main braches, which included the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature. In the constitution, the executive was the supreme arm of the government and it was headed by the president. The constitution provided the rules and regulations governing election of the president and his deputy. However, in the article of confederation, there was no such structured government. The states had the liberty to decide the method of leadership they wanted. The constitution established a federal system government. In this system, the states had some authority.

Carbon dating the shroud of turin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Carbon dating the shroud of turin - Essay Example During the fourteenth century, the people in the little town of Lirey would not have been able to prove or disprove the image on the Shroud of Turin. What they h ad to rely upon was – again – faith, and faith was going around like the plague. Catholics in the fourteenth century were experiencing a form of hyper-religiosity, and the notion of associating â€Å"geography with ethnography was taking hold and manifesting itself through the singling out of non-Catholics, and was soon followed by expelling Jews from their homelands because of their non-Christian beliefs.† Blind faith, encouraged and fueled by Church priests, monks, and others who held positions in the upper echelons of the social ladder, led to cases of â€Å"ethnic cleansing, and, eventfully the expulsion of thousands of Jews from their homelands†. The time was ripe for exploitation of Christian fanaticism and for the Catholic Church to enlarge its sphere of influence. Relics, of course, served as a way by which to link certain areas, especially those remote areas, with Church-mindedness, causing villagers to form close and tight-knit bonds with the Church.

William Carlos Williams Poetry Analysis

William Carlos Williams Poetry Analysis William Carlos Williams was a grasping poet of the 20th century. Most of Williams work is centered on his personal life and the things that happened in it. Williams was born on September 17, 1883. He wrote his poetry from his late teens until his death on March 4, 1963 at the age of 79. Williams has a substantial number of both prose and poetry writings. He believed that: prose has to do with the fact of an emotion and poetry has to do with the dynamization of emotion into a separate form (volume 1, 219). What Williams is saying here is that in prose you are allowed to show emotion and in poetry that emotion must be hidden behind different forms. This Is Just To Say (1934) is one of the noted poems by William Carlos Williams. Written as it is a note left on an ice box, Williams poem seems to the reader like a bit of found poetry. Metrically, the poem exhibits no regularity of stress or of syllable count. The CliffsNotes analysis states:Building on sibilance and concluding on `so cold,` the poem implies that sweet, fruity taste contrasts the coldness of a human relationship that forbids sharing or forgiveness for a minor breach of etiquette. The words Forgive me, written as a command, stress on the sense of regret conveyed by the speaker. This hopeless need for forgiveness is an obvious confession of forbidden action, followed by Williams visual imagery of the plums suggests that this poem could be concerned with the uselessness or self-entrapment of sexual desire. Another, straightforward, understanding is that the writer of the note on the refrigerator tries to replace the experience of eating the plums with a clear, brief description:They were delicious / So sweet and so cold. Forgiveness in the poem hinges on the success of the description. This model serves well for the poets task, i.e. forsakes actual experience than mere words. The poem will triumph if the reader redeems the poets transgression. In another view, the poem was written from Williams to his wife. He ate her plums from the ice box and wanted to leave a small apology in the form of poetry on a napkin. She did answer to his poem with one of her own Little boy When reading Poem the first question, that the reader asks is, what exactly is Williams trying to tell us. The image is actual, the text of the poem is brief. The poem surfs as an extended metaphor. The cat is cautiously climbing over the jamcloset, placing each foot accurately. The readers first task is to define the meaning of jamcloset, which is naturally defined. But, this word is not defined in Websters or any other dictionaries. This implies that Williams intended for this work to invoke an image. Jam packed could be something that is chock-full with things to the point that nothing more can be added. Perhaps, with this word, Williams wants to show the reader an image of a closet jammed with stuff, with a cat carefully transferring to the top. Contrary, the word jam could denote a fruit spread used on toasted bread, in which case, the word jamcloset implies a pantry and there is the suggestion that the cat is after a tasty jam. In both cases, the emphasis of the poem is on the cats endpoint. The reader sees the cat stepping so gracefully, at first on one foot and then on the other. The short lines and smooth flow of words signify the watchful and agile movements of the cat. Just in the last stanza, the reader realizes that the cat has moved so cautiously, just to get into the pit of an empty flowerpot. This changes the image of the precise and careful cat into something funny. The first guess of the reader is that the cat is moving precisely for a specific goal. This is something that the reader would judge as a valuable intention from a human perspective. This, however, is not the case, as the cat ends up squeezed into the flower pot, which Williams, clearly shows, was the animals` aim after all. As this implies, the imagery says more about the reader, than it does for the cat. The humans are goal-oriented. The thoughtful, intended movement of the cat, that Williams describes, logically leaves a feeling in the reader that the cat has a certain goal, whether it is capturing a mouse or something else, but as it turns out, the cat has another thing in mind. What Williams is telling the readers is that, the world follows its own rules. The cat is captivated by and wants to sit in the flower pot, which does not make sense from a human point of view, but there is and that is the reality. There may be no goals, purpose or meaning from a human point of view, in the world, but it will be still meaningful. Children comprehend this, and a child would possibly laugh on the flower-potted cat and realize that, the world looks different depending on the perspectives. Grown-ups are likely to lose their joy in seeing the unforeseen and exploring the unknown by disregarding viewpoints that are new and different. As this shows, Williams use of imagery proposes meaning at multiple levels with concise and brief poetry. In Poem, the poet shows an image that implies more, than it states implicitly. The cat, so prudently placing first one foot and then the other delicately into the pit of the flowerpot, not only carries the inquisitive nature of the animal, but also the fact that the cat shows a part of the world, that adult humans often evade. By amazing the reader, with the cats destination, Williams delicately implies that adults are too foreseeable. We, like children and cats, should try to see the world with different eyes, and perhaps try twisting into the new perspectives that could seem unknown at first. Maybe, we should not smile at the apparent insanity of the cat until we have sat in a flowerpot on top of a jamcloset and seen things from cats perspective. Source list Litz, A. Walton, MacGowan (Eds.). The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams: Volume II 1939-1962. New York: New Directions Books, 1986. Modern American poetry. On This is Just to Say. 04.25.2011 Modern American poetry. On Poem. 04.25.2011 This Is Just To Say, This Is Just To Say. 04.25.2011

Review of Grahams Magazine Essay -- Literature History

Graham’s Lady’s and Gentleman’s Magazine (Graham’s) is a monthly published literary periodical although it allots other fields including engravings, fashion, and music to a small portion. This magazine deals with variety of literary fields from short stories, poetry, and essays handle various tastes from belles-lettres to sentimental literature. During those periods, the contributors to the magazine, in addition to numerous writers who exist only in tarnishing paper, are included such canonical writers as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Mrs. Lydia H. Sigourney, James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, among others. Through its inclusiveness in genres and wide range of literary works, Graham’s gained a broad readership, and simultaneously the magazine contributed to forging white American idealism by keeping silence on political or social issues at that time and reinforcing the already establish social system. This magazine’s silence for the contemporary issues is evident from its non-existent, editorial statement. One can hardly find explicit editorial position during 1843-44 for mainly two reasons. The owner and chief editor George R. Graham did not have his specific taste for literature or editorial position; his first concern was apparently a cultural business not culture itself. In his article â€Å"A Brief History of Graham Magazine,† Frank Luther Mott mentions that this magazine was the result of the combination of the Casket: Flowers of Literature, Wit and Sentiment and Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine. He continues to contend that when Graham purchased the two magazines and merged as Graham Magazine, he just followed the merits from each magazine, which would promote the readership (364). On the other hand, Grah... ...ally have when opening a printed magazine. That is mainly because of the textual modes, microfilm or digitalized texts. When author’s works display in the screen in a small portion at a time, it produces another ahistorical text. This time one needs not draw one work from an anthology. Instead, the reader has to read the text confined by modern technology, which again alienates the text from the cultural or social atmosphere in the period when the magazine actually published. Works Cited Casper, Scott E., et al. A History of the Book in America. Vol. 3. The Industrial Book 1840-1880. Chapel Hill: UP of North Carolina, 2007. Print. â€Å"Editor’s Table.† Graham’s American Monthly Magazine 26.6 (1844): 296. Google Books. Web. 25 Sept. 2010. Mott, Frank Luther. â€Å"A Brief History of Graham’s Magazine.† Studies in Philosophy 25.3 (1928): 362-74. Web. 9 Oct. 2010.

The Dover Castle

In fact, the central tower of the castle (also called â€Å"the keep†), which still stands today, was built by King Henry II. The keep served as a last point of refuge in case of an attack. This keep was unique because it was probably the most elegant one in the entire kingdom â€Å"with an elaborate fore-building, two residential floors above a basement, two chapels and many mural chambers, and even plumbing. † (Every Castle 2014 )He also built rectangular walls surrounding the castle. These walls were thick and tall and were most likely built to fortify the castle to protect the nobles. Every Castle 2014 ) After Henry II passed, his work was carried on by King John and was immediately tested by the French in 1 ,215 when the bloody civil war began. This war was called the Barons' War and it lasted about a year. In 1216, Prince Louis of France invaded England. Many of the citizens of England were unhappy with King John at the time so it was fairly easy for Prince Louis of France to carry out his invasion. At a certain point, he had conquered about half of England. He failed to fully invade and claim the Dover Castle and soon after King John's death, he lost a lot of his support.Therefore, he was never able to add England to his kingdom. In the thirteenth century, Henry Ill repaired many of the walls and added to his ancestors fortress by building what is now known as the Norfolk Tower. (Goodly 2012) Remarkable Features The Dover castle contains various tunnels that were actually built in 1 , 216 during the Barons' War. These tunnels are truly fascinating because they were used during World War l. Another reason why they are so intriguing is cause tunnels are not easy things to make these days despite all the technological advances, so it must have taken a really long time to build them back then.It makes you wonder what they needed these tunnels for. The location of the castle is by far the most fascinating thing because it has proven to be so pop ular throughout history. Why would they choose to build the castle on the coast? Would that not make the castle more vulnerable to invasion? Its location is definitely a big reason why this castle was so popular throughout history. Prior to the Norman invasion, its previous inhabitants mainly used the location as a fort.However, the kings of England really regarded this castle as a sign of power since it was the first thing that many people saw when heading over to England from mainland Europe. Conclusion In conclusion, the Dover Castle changed a whole lot in history as different kings ruled England. Despite all the changes, the castle is very well preserved and holds a lot of history even after the medieval times. In fact, the castle was again remodeled in nineteenth century. It was redesigned into a more contemporary fort that finally contained artillery. It was also used in World War I.This again goes to show how great the location for this castle was and how valuable it is to hi story. These days, the site is used as a tourist attraction and hundreds of people visit the site everyday to discover the deep history that this structure holds within it. (Every Castle 2014 ) 3 Questions 1) Who actually resided in the Dover Castle? Did the kings live in the Dover Castle? 2) How close did Prince Louis of France get to overtaking the Castle? What exactly happened? 3) What was the main purpose of the castle? Why did William I choose to build the castle in that location? 4) What were the tunnels used for?

Email overconfidence is a dangerous thing - Emphasis

Email overconfidence is a dangerous thing Email overconfidence is a dangerous thing Considering that an estimated 247 billion emails are sent each day, you might think we would all be dab hands at getting our messages across. But a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology reveals that, while we believe we’re making ourselves clear, we actually need to be more careful. Lost in translation The tone and context of your email is likely to be misinterpreted in at least 15 per cent of emails, according to the study. And part of the problem is the fact that we are overly confident that what we write will be understood as we mean it to be. A series of five experiments showed that email senders overestimate how accurately the tone of their message will be identified. Sarcasm and humour are particularly problematic: trying to express either in email is clearly a risk. However, the most notable result from the experiments was not how many times the reader misunderstood the tone, but the disparity between how often the writer expected to be understood and how often they actually were. In one experiment, half the participants emailed a series of statements – a mixture of serious and sarcastic – to the other half, who had to deduce how each statement should be read. While the sending group expected 97 per cent to be recognised, only 84 per cent were. Put into real terms, that means almost one fifth of your recipients might be misled, confused or even offended by your emails. But my colleagues understand me Do they, though? Further experiments showed that the success rate in interpreting tone was the same whether the recipient knew the sender or not, meaning equal care is needed whether writing to a new client or a well-known colleague. Less surprisingly, the recognition of tone was identified correctly most often in spoken statements – though still not as regularly as the speaker predicted. Evidently, without the non-verbal cues – the facial expressions, body language and gestures – of face-to-face communication, any ambiguity of tone in your writing may well lead your reader to misunderstand your meaning. So judge your recipient well, or joke at your own risk. Read the full white paper, ‘Lost in translation’. Our blog contains lots of tips on how to write good emails, and we also run an in-company course on effective email writing.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at AstraZeneca

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at AstraZeneca Introduction This paper discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility using AstraZeneca Plc. as the case study. Specifically, the paper analyses AstraZeneca’s employees who are part of the company’s stakeholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at AstraZeneca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This analysis is based on the safety, health, and environment (SHE) program which the company considers as a major component of the corporate social responsibility (Turner 2005, p. 38).  The data in this report has been obtained from members responsible for promoting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in AstraZeneca and also from previous articles and books on corporate social responsibility. Company Background AstraZeneca Plc. was established in 1999 after the merger between Zeneca Group Plc and Astra AB. The corporate headquarters of the company are in the Unit ed Kingdom. AstraZeneca Plc was formed with the aim of generating long term growth and value to all the shareholders using the strength from two companies. Currently, AstraZeneca Plc is among the leading combined pharmaceutical companies. AstraZeneca has a strong emphasis on both innovation and research, and on commercial and manufacturing activities. AstraZeneca Plc. produces medicines for treating different ailments such as cancer, infections, pain control, gastrointestinal, and other ailments that affect the central nervous system. The company’s operations are spread in more than one hundred countries while the manufacturing process takes place in twenty countries. Presently, AstraZeneca Plc employs close to 54000 workers globally (Turner 2005, p. 38). Describing Corporate Social Responsibility AstraZeneca Plc defines corporate social responsibility as the efforts and initiatives undertaken by a company in order to facilitate sustainable development. The company takes sust ainable development as the ability of a given economic activity to meet the requirements of both the present and future generation. Currently, the company has put in place a lot of effort to improve its corporate social responsibility framework and in order to establish an appropriate technique for implementing and controlling the effectiveness of CSR. This is an indication that the structure for managing corporate responsibility issues has not yet been developed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, much of the work or activities of the company are based on the safety measures that were adopted sometimes back. However, the newly established safety, health, and environment (SHE) program is considered as a major component of the corporate responsibility that the company expects to launch. The program mostly targets the employees of the company who are part o f the stakeholders. The executives of the company believe that such a program will go a long way in promoting shareholders’ interests. This is in line with stakeholder theorists who assert that the executives of a given company should ensure that shareholders’ interests are promoted. This should also be done to other groups that may be affected by the activities of the company. The social approach demands that all corporation responsibilities be directed towards the company stakeholders and also ensure the safety and health of the general public (Boeger, Murray Villiers 2008, p. 187).  According to Pride Ferrell (2012, p.96), the various aspects of corporate social responsibility include the environment, social, and economic responsibilities. These responsibilities usually act as the building blocks of the overall corporate responsibility of an organization. In some instances, the environmental sustainability largely focuses on the impact caused by people on the en vironment. On the other hand, social sustainability incorporates a wide range of issues that concern or affect the society as a whole. It is against this backdrop that AstraZeneca has found it important to put into consideration all the company stakeholders such as the employees, members of the community and other shareholders. The concept of corporate responsibility of the company includes various activities like the working conditions of employees, issues that relate to the environment, responsibility on the products of the company, marketing, and other related activities that provide support to the community. Since AstraZeneca Plc operates within the pharmaceutical industry, it considers activities such as animal testing and provision of medical supplies to be of extreme importance in its business portfolio.  According to Trevinno Nelson (2011, p. 371), the supply of medical products has mainly benefitted the underprivileged population in the developing countries. In an effort to develop an extensive and a worldwide corporate responsibility, AstraZeneca has developed its policies in such a way that it is quite easy for the companies to comply with both the national and international rules, and also maintain the expected levels of health and security. It is important to note that the company has embarked on various measures that can offer positive contribution to the surrounding community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at AstraZeneca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, sponsorship and charity contributions are some of the philanthropic activities that the company has made positive impacts. There are also other initiatives that relate to the operational goals of the company that tend to improve the overall quality of life of the people. In addition, management of some of these activities is carried out from the company’s headquarter s.  However, some of the activities are conducted locally. In addition, the company has managed to contribute especially within the education sector in an attempt to increase people’s awareness on the importance of observing good health to avert health related problems. AstraZeneca’s corporate social responsibility on environmental activities focuses on addressing issues such as climate change, hazardous waste emission and disposal, and depletion of ozone layer as well as water resources. Creation of an environmental program has made it quite easy for AstraZeneca Plc to realize continuous improvements on issues that relate to the environment. Integrating corporate social responsibility The integration of corporate social responsibility within the company starts with the leaders. For instance, the chief executive officer of the company is actively involved in all the activities that revolve around corporate responsibility. In addition, the reporting system of AstraZen eca is framed in such a way that it allows the head of the corporate social responsibility to report directly to the chief executive officer. On the same note, the C.E.O. provides the necessary assistance to the head of corporate social responsibility especially when it is vital to approve new strategies and policies. In terms of the corporate mission and culture, AstraZeneca lacks a defined mission statement but believes that being among the leading pharmaceutical companies, its activities are focused in a bid to help the company in providing effective and innovative medicinal products in all the vital areas within the health sector. The company’s organization of corporate responsibility is not fully managed though some practices and structures are being incorporated. Moreover, there is no formal CSR structure in the company because the organization uses a global committee and separate corporations to carry out corporate responsibility. The code of conduct of the company hel ps the company to increase its commitment in various activities (Deck 2002, p. 39). As a result, the company is able to earn confidence and trust by maintaining the acceptable levels of ethical standards in different situations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the fact that the code of conduct is based on care, honesty, integrity, and diligence, it is effective for the code to cover variety of issues like business practices, political contributions, delegated authorities, equal opportunities, insider information, and group policies. Apart from relying on the code of conduct, AstraZeneca uses additional key principles and policies which include Global Human Resource Policy, Corporate Social Responsibility Policy, Bioethics Policy and SHE Policy (Cramer Bergmans 2003, p. 19). Monitoring corporate social responsibly At present, AstraZeneca lacks an effective mechanism for measuring, evaluating, and reporting corporate responsibility activities. However, the company finds it vital to avoid using measurement, evaluation and reporting systems that are associated with heavy bureaucracies (Baines, Fill Page 2012, p. 49). In order to achieve the latter, AstraZeneca is currently striving to develop slim and efficient systems that do n ot cause any suffocation to the existing enthusiasm. In addition, the company believes that it is necessary to develop appropriate systems that can be used to measure various aspects and at the same time help to identify the aspects that are reasonable to measure (Grayson Hodges 2004, p. 152). Criticisms of the AstraZeneca’s performance The current criticisms facing AstraZeneca are mainly as a result of the declining sales of its products. The company has also suffered a major challenge of failing to diversify in other areas to help increase the volume of sales. AstraZeneca has instead continued to focus only on prescription drugs (Burke Cooper 2009, p. 7). On the contrary, AstraZeneca’s competitors (such as GlaxoSmithKline) have managed to diversify into different areas o production such as consumer health, generics and vaccines. This has enabled such companies to gain a superb competitive advantage over AstraZeneca (Hancock 2005, p. 255). Conclusion In recap, it is evident that AstraZeneca Plc. has to a great extent, incorporated the concept of corporate social responsibility. The company has managed to address the needs of its employees in various ways. For example, the company has appreciated the value of employees as part of stakeholders of the company by introducing a safety, health and environment program known as the â€Å"SHE Program†. The program targets all the employees of the company as well as other members of the public who might be impacted by the activities of the company in one way or another. AstraZeneca has also integrated CSR effectively to an extent that even the leaders of company are actively involved in all the activities that relate to corporate responsibility. However, it is worth to mention that AstraZeneca lacks an effective system of monitoring the CSR activities. This means that the company is experiencing a lot of problems especially in identifying various aspects that need to be measured. In addition, Ast raZeneca continues to face increased criticisms because of its current performance whereby the sales are recording a declining trend (Trevinno Nelson 2011, p.54). The company has equally failed to diversify its activities and instead remained in a limited area of focus. This has occurred at a time when its competitors are doing considerably well because of their ability to diversify activities. This has consequently helped such companies to generate more sales and increase their competitive power. Recommendations In my view, it is evident that there is dire need for AstraZeneca to develop an effective system of monitoring its corporate social responsibility activities. Since the company lacks a well defined mission statement, it is important to come with an appropriate long term mission aimed at narrowing the gap between its mainstream operations and CSR. In order to improve its performance, AstraZeneca should try to diversify in different areas such as the production of vaccines a nd genetics. This will go a long way in minimizing the current competition being faced by the company. References Baines, P., Fill, C., Page, K 2012, Essentials of marketing, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Boeger, N., Murray, R., Villiers, C 2008, Perspectives on corporate social responsibility, Edward Elgar. Cheltenham, Glos, UK. Burke, R. J., Cooper, C L 2009, Research companion to corruption in organizations., Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Cramer, J., Bergmans, F 2003, Learning about corporate social responsibility the Dutch experience, IOS Press, Amsterdam. Deck, MC 2002, â€Å"Corporate Codes and Ethics Programs†. Perspectives in Business Ethics vol. 3 no. 1, pp. 22-39. Grayson, D., Hodges, A 2004, Corporate social opportunity!: 7 steps to make corporate social responsibility work for your business, Greenleaf Publications, Sheffield. Hancock, J 2005, Investing in corporate social responsibility: a guide to best practice, business planning the UKs leading companies, K ogan Page, London. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, OC 2012, Marketing, Ohio, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason. Trevinno, L. K., Nelson, K.A 2011, Managing business ethics: straight talk about how to do it right, John Wiley, New York. Turner, T N 2005, Vault guide to the top pharmaceuticals and biotech employers, Vault Inc., New York.

The history of the United Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The history of the United Nations - Essay Example   Some of these countries included United States, china, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina, United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, and France, among others. According to Shaw (N.d, p.1), the main concern of the United Nations has been the human welfare. The United Nations was divided into sub-divisions, which included the general assembly, the Security Council, the economic and social council, the international justice court and the secretariat. In addition, each of these divisions serves a specific task in promoting the United Nation’s goals. The United Nations was formed with several aims; for instance, ensuring that peace prevailed worldwide and developing strong relationships among nations, among others. This essay will discuss the various objectives of the United Nations and whether it lives up to the ideals of its founders to date. The main aim of the United Nations was to ensure that peace prevailed throughout the world, that nations would develop friendly relationships, working toget her to assist people in living better lives through elimination of poverty, illiteracy, and diseases globally. In addition, the UN aims at bringing to a stop environmental degradation, as well as fostering democracy and respect for each other’s rights (United Nations publications, 2000). Therefore, the United Nations is the main organization that assists countries in achieving the above aims. Generally, the UN has several principles that guide its operations; first, member states are expected to obey the United Nations charter.

Lyndon Johnson and how he handle the Tet offensive Research Paper

Lyndon Johnson and how he handle the Tet offensive - Research Paper Example Johnson the president of United States. His domestic public support for the war waned leading to his abandonment of re-election in the 1968 elections. As for Giap the North Vietnamese army general â€Å"they were not able to destroy enemy forces but the offensive sent shudders through vital points† (Willbanks, 2008, p. 66). However, the question we need to ask ourselves is: why was the Tet offensive carried out in the first place and how did Lyndon Johnson handle it? Americans under General William Westmoreland took troops to Vietnam for continuity of its foreign policy of containing the spread of communism and for nation building just like Lyndon’s predecessor John Kennedy. North Vietnam under General Giap wanted to win the war fast and weaken South Vietnam military and at the same time provoke an uprising that would see the overthrow of government which was under Thieu. However, they underestimated the military power of allied forces hence the defeat. Many criticisms have been leveled against Johnson on the way he handled the whole affair. The doves believed American should not have been involved in the war in the first place while the hawks supported the effort. This paper will argue that Johnson was guided by his domestic as well as foreign policy when handling the offensive. He only had two options: leave his domestic program of â€Å"Great Society† and get involved in war thus risk losing all programs at home or seek peace and let the communists win the war but this option would have rendered him a coward. He could not have the â€Å"guns and butter† as Eisenhower used to say (Bringham, 2008, p. 119). He had an option of granting Westmoreland more troops to finish the war but this would have resulted into full-scale war attracting China and Soviet Union into the war. On the other hand, withdrawing the troops and seek peace but this would definitely result in defeat. The withdrawal of the troops in the end gave North Vietnam the edge and when war finally ended in 1975, South Vietnam was under control of the communists. Background Tet Offensive of 1968 was carried out in the midst of Vietnam War. The war was an extension of the cold war between two superpowers: U.S and U.S.S.R after the Second World War. Though the two nations collaborated against common enemies such as Japanese and Germany, it was clear that the two had tense relations filled with suspicions and lack of trust. The two super powers had very divergent political ideals; the U.S wanted states to free and democratic under capitalism form of government while the U.S.S.R viewed capitalism as a source of all evil and the cause of world war in the first place. It thus wanted to eliminate capitalism and replace it with communism hence the beginning of cold war. The cold war shaped U.S foreign policy for decades to come with Harry S. Truman’s doctrine of containment being the guide. It was meant to contain the spread of communism by using U.S funds to promote economic development in affected nations especially Europe and South Eastern Asia. A developed nation which takes care of the well-being of its people and lets them determine their future by electing a democratic government would combat communism spread. U.S.S.R on the other hand, was bent of spreading communism especially to border countries for security reasons. Various indirect wars were fought in the struggle for dominance

What are the maintrends in and effects of immigration in contemporary Essay

What are the maintrends in and effects of immigration in contemporary Europe - Essay Example On the other hand, a political migrant is one who runs away from his habitat because of conflicts from the government due to war. The person may leave his or her country for a new place to live in peace. These immigrants come from different backgrounds, which have variety of difference in terms of culture and norms. Immigration can have positive or negative impacts on both the country of origin and destination either for political, economic or even social situations. These recipient habitats are usually industrialized habitats it may be countries in Europe or the United states and even any other country, which is developed economically, politically, and security. Immigrants in these countries bring various impacts to the new habitat such as economy, culture, religious and security (Jane 1). One good thing immigration has done for host habitat is economy that involves employment in that they will be willing to do jobs that people in the host habitat will not or cannot do (Ioannis 1). They often work for longer hours and for lower income though that is controversial, sometimes exploitive against human rights but they act as beneficiary to the host habitat. This still happens up to date and even in years to come where many people have migrated and still doing so to develop their countries, and are willing to work so as earn a living in order to survive thus boosts the development and economy of the host habitat (Jane 1). In most cases when the immigrants’ are accepted in the host society and can largely contribute to the diversity of that society in terms of introduction of different cultures and people with talents which brings new ideas in the market of production of goods and offering of services thus contributing to the economic growth. After the European Union session in 2003 which allowed for its expansion, the biggest movement of labor across Europe was witnessed. During the December of 2003 period alone, over 40, 000 passengers flew between UK airpo rts and those in Poland. In duration of five years after that, it became near impossible for one to fly from 20 UK airports to any of the Polish Cities. The number of people in that year moving from Poland to the UK was over 385, 000 (Jane 1). It is worthy pointing out that the origins and choice of destinations for migrants has been found to be differential among countries. Some countries responded to this huge influx of immigrants by restricting access to their labor markets. The tendency for one migrating from countries deemed to be in â€Å"new† Europe can be said to be varying significantly. The main focus of this paper will be thoroughly examining the trends, impacts and implications of one migrating from Poland to the UK. Poland has been deemed to be the largest sender country while UK is the receiver due to its particular need for highly skilled labor. This has lead to fear among sender countries of losing their highly skilled people to other nations who offer better opportunities and salaries. The receiving countries have in turn downplayed these fears by claiming that migrant workers are important in filling low skilled labor deficiency. Looking this situation from the European Union perspective, there is plenty of important implication. First and foremost, issues of equal access to employment and the mobility of the highly skilled labor have to be addressed. The second issue if the grave matter of brain waste from the

Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay Example for Free

Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay The Indian software exports, as is well known, have grown from less than $100 million before 1990 to over $5 billion in 2000. What is not well known is that revenue per person per year has grown from less than $20,000 to over $50,000 in most large companies in the last five years. This is not simply due to ‘inflation’. Though the industry is still focused on tapping the huge software services market, most of the big players have moved from lower value services to higher value services. In the early days, the service was primarily providing technical manpower, which later moved to providing low-value services like coding and testing. Now Indian companies are operating even at the top end of the spectrum in terms of technology (Corba, Java, E-commerce, etc.) or the services (complete business solutions, consultancy, strategy, etc.). The high rates they command is an indication of the perceived value in the eyes of the customer of the services they provide. The amazing story of the Indian software industry has spread far and wide. Not only the developed countries but also other countries are equally impressed by the performance of the industry. From the presentations that representatives of various Asian and Latin American countries made in a recent workshop in China on ‘IT industry in developing countries’, it is evidently clear that many developing countries today want to emulate the Indian success story. Within India, however, many people continue to view the industry’s success with a mixture of admiration and skepticism. There is a lingering fear or doubt in the minds of many about whether the industry is inherently strong or is it just tapping a window of opportunity which will soon be tapped by other Asian countries with large population and better infrastructure. Given the state of almost everything else in the country, such doubts are not unreasonable. However, India Software Inc has developed some solid strengths that will continue to serve it well, and which will not be easy to emulate by others. We at iPOTT (www.ipott.com) initiated a SWOT, gathering information and opinion from the market. The summed up information is very beneficial for the understanding of the INDIAN SOFTWARE MARKET.

Outline for Bicycle Safety :: essays research papers fc

Outline for Bicycle Safety  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To explain to listeners how they can operate a bicycle safety. Central Idea: You can keep yourself safe on a bicycle if you follow a few safety rules: wear protective clothing, obey the rules of the road, and be aware of your surroundings. Introduction I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teaching anyone to ride a bike is a most memorable experience, but having them obey the rules and regulations when riding is one of peoples first exposures to obeying the law. Cycling is a great way to exercise as well as a convenient mode of transportation. But before you start riding you should take a few minutes to consider some important safety precautions. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute, bicycle related crashes kill about 900 people a year and injure over half a million. Most bicycle deaths or accidents occur between 3-9 pm, and most often occur during the summer months. We can prevent these numbers by: wearing protective equipment, obeying the rules of the road, and being aware of your surroundings. (Transition: Let’s talk about the first rule) Body I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear protective equipment. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear a helmet 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studies have shown that wearing a helmet can reduce your chances of head injury by 85% 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Select a helmet that fits comfortably. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear a helmet to set examples to others if necessary. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helmets are required in many places so you should check with the police in your area. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear visible clothes 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear bright colors such as white and yellow. Never wear black. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you have the means get reflective straps or hats. Don’t wear loose articles of clothing. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Never carry anything in your hands. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you can get reflectors to put on the back , front, and side of your bike so cars can better see you at night (Transition: You have on the right protective gear. Now What?) II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obeying the rules of the road. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Riding a bike is much the same as driving a car 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obey traffic signals 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obey road markings B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Look in all directions 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seven out of ten accidents occur at intersections and driveways 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walk your bike across busy intersections and at crosswalks. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When making turns use had signals to alert motorists. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form an L with the left arm upwards to signal a right turn. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form an L with the left arm downwards to signal stop. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extend the left arm outwards to signal a left turn. (Transition: You know the rules of the road so what next?) III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Be aware of your surroundings A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ride only in safe places 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parks 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  School grounds 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bike trails 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sidewalks 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any other bicycle designated areas B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make sure your bike is adjusted for riding conditions Outline for Bicycle Safety :: essays research papers fc Outline for Bicycle Safety  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To explain to listeners how they can operate a bicycle safety. Central Idea: You can keep yourself safe on a bicycle if you follow a few safety rules: wear protective clothing, obey the rules of the road, and be aware of your surroundings. Introduction I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teaching anyone to ride a bike is a most memorable experience, but having them obey the rules and regulations when riding is one of peoples first exposures to obeying the law. Cycling is a great way to exercise as well as a convenient mode of transportation. But before you start riding you should take a few minutes to consider some important safety precautions. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute, bicycle related crashes kill about 900 people a year and injure over half a million. Most bicycle deaths or accidents occur between 3-9 pm, and most often occur during the summer months. We can prevent these numbers by: wearing protective equipment, obeying the rules of the road, and being aware of your surroundings. (Transition: Let’s talk about the first rule) Body I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear protective equipment. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear a helmet 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studies have shown that wearing a helmet can reduce your chances of head injury by 85% 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Select a helmet that fits comfortably. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear a helmet to set examples to others if necessary. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helmets are required in many places so you should check with the police in your area. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear visible clothes 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wear bright colors such as white and yellow. Never wear black. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you have the means get reflective straps or hats. Don’t wear loose articles of clothing. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Never carry anything in your hands. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you can get reflectors to put on the back , front, and side of your bike so cars can better see you at night (Transition: You have on the right protective gear. Now What?) II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obeying the rules of the road. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Riding a bike is much the same as driving a car 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obey traffic signals 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obey road markings B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Look in all directions 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seven out of ten accidents occur at intersections and driveways 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walk your bike across busy intersections and at crosswalks. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When making turns use had signals to alert motorists. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form an L with the left arm upwards to signal a right turn. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form an L with the left arm downwards to signal stop. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extend the left arm outwards to signal a left turn. (Transition: You know the rules of the road so what next?) III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Be aware of your surroundings A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ride only in safe places 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parks 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  School grounds 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bike trails 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sidewalks 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any other bicycle designated areas B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make sure your bike is adjusted for riding conditions

Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

This article talks about Cognitive-Behavior therapy and using prayer and scripture appropriately, how to approach using biblical/ Christian values in therapy. The journal also talks about an historical overview of behavioral therapy, throughout the years. The commentary discusses the two component of mindfulness, in which the first component engages self-guidance concentration and the second component engages implementing a meticulous direction that is distinguish by interest. He discusses the eight main features of the Christian approach to cognitive-behavior therapy. It also describes clear and unclear integration of scripture and prayer in â€Å"CBT†. The author speaks about the assessment process to determining the use of the Christian approach or standard approach in Cognitive Behavior therapy. The article explains the seven steps for inner healing prayer, but also says that it might not work for a more troubled individual. The Intervention section of the article covers different kinds of prayer and the diverse elements of prayer. Siang-Yang Tan explains in detail a case of a client dealing with depression, he also illustrated a word for word transcript on how the Bible, scripture and prayer was used in the clients therapy session. Siang-Yang Tan also says that â€Å"as with prayer, Scripture can also be misused or abused in therapy. However, the appropriate and ethical use of Scripture or the Bible in Christian CBT by a sensitive and prayerful therapist can be of significant help to Christian clients who seriously take the Bible to be the inspired Word of God and their ultimate authority in life (Tan, 1996). Interaction I became very interested in this journal after reading through the titles for the other journals, this one seemed so fascinating to me. I was also looking at journal article â€Å"Prayer in Counseling† in which I decided to make my second journal assignment. I started reading with the expectation of learning how to use prayer and scripture in therapy. By reading this article I learned of the historical overview of how prayer and scripture became a part of therapy. I also learned of the ethical and proper uses of prayer and scripture during â€Å"CBT† and also had a chance to read the illustration of different therapy sessions using different Christian approaches. It was very pleasing to see the key features of biblical approaches used in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. I learned of the difference between Implicit and Explicit integration in therapy and it was used. Learning of how to conduct a pre-intervention assessment to establish the method of whether to use Standard or Christian CBT was very helpful. I discovered about the seven steps to inner healing prayer and how it might not be a good idea to use these methods on a more psychotic client. I would definitely want to research the use of scripture and prayer a little more and how effective it is in treating clients. I am glad to see that it actually help the client in the article and also how he showed his method of doing so with Christian CBT. It is so exciting to see that Biblical or Christian values can help heal a client. I would absolutely love working in a Christian Counseling setting where I would be able to share and teach a client about the Lord and still help them get through whatever crisis they might have.

Derek Liu

DEREK LIU ENGLISH TEAM †¢ ? Sir , blue-blooded ,? Sir , †¢ , , , 04? Sir ,! †¢ 2011-12 DSE †¢ DSE ( Level 5 7. 6%),Derek Liu English Team 324? Level 5/5*/5** , 5 ! †¢ 2010 Derek Liu English Team 405? Level 5/5* ,Level 4 410? ,!! 2010 3 10A Sir †¢ , , †¢ Sir Beat 334 Paper 3 Listening? HKDSE Beat Paper 1 Reading? Super Word Power , ,? 5! †¢ 04-09 , (05-06 ) (06-07 ) , Sir †¢ 05? 06 3 10A Sir ,? 07 ?1? 5A Sir , Sir †¢ 2002 Sir , , 03-05 (SWA) 02 WHY DEREK ? 1 2 DSE ( Level 5 7. 6%),Derek Liu English Team 324? Level 5/5*/5** ( Paper ), 5! DSE ( P. 4),08 CE Paper 1B Q. 2 (? ),09 UE Section B Q. 3 ( ),10 CE Paper 1B Q. 2 (YouTube/Facebook),11UE Section B Q. 2 (Social Responsibility), ,! 3 W H Y D E R E K ’s C a p t u r e 1 ! 2 3 ! ! Plan A (Paper 1 + 2 = 4? ) Plan B (Paper 3 + 4 = 4? ) Derek Liu English Team , , , , ! ( ) ? 8 600 , , ?600 , , Sir? , , ,! , 100% Sir ,Capture ? , ,! Regular Course , Capt ure DSE Capture ,! 2008 2009 2010 2012 ! 03 DEREK LIU ENGLISH TEAMVivien Chan @ St. Rose of Lima’s College I am glad that I’ve chosen Derek as my English tutor, who helped me to get 5* in HKDSE English subject. Not only did he spend a lot of time and effort in preparing the teaching materials, he also taught very well, in which he gave us a lot of extra information and exercises. Thank you Derek, for improving my English signi? cantly with the wide range of vocabularies and language pattern! Sonia Tam @ Marymount Secondary School Thank you for the skills! They are very practical and useful! Thank you! Leung Ling Sum @ Belilios Public SchoolWith Derek’s professional teaching and logical analysis of various examination question types, I got a more in-depth understanding of different answering tactics. Thanks Derek. P Oh, and I really did appreciate the colorful notes. .S. Ng Wai Ka @ Ho Yu College and Primary School Derek is a great teacher who teaches us whole heartedly with well-designed notes. In fact, he not only teachers, but also inspires – through Facebook. Although there is no live teaching, his every lesson never disappointed me. @ Liu Sir Eng Vocab Oral Writing Liu Sir Sentence Structur Thanks! @Monthly Feature Listening Practice – Karen Wong @ Good Hope School I have been Mr. Liu’s student for half a year. In the beginning, I thought that taking an English tutorial is not as useful and effective as what the school has done, because language cannot be improved within merely a year, it’s something about whether you got a strong foundation or not. But after attending Mr. Liu’s class, I found that there are more to learn in his lesson. Wording structure, dif? cult word phrases, vocabularies, all of which help to strengthen my language base. I feel more con? dent to write, and to speak, as well.His notes are comprehensive, in a sense that they cover all areas in English Language. Thank you, Mr. Liu, and your team, for all your hard work and preparation. I appreciate all your efforts to us. Thanks. @ Capture A (Plan A + Plan B) Paper 2 Law writing logic Law Essay Wish you forever success in tutorial industry and produce countless students with brilliant exam results! Writing Wong Lik Chi @ Munsang College Your notes are always found useful, clear and inspiring! Before I joined your listening intensive courses, I had failed in listening exam in school; after I had joined your courses, I got a 5* in listening.Thanks a lot! Derek! Lau Hon Yiu @ Queen’s College 5* Derek Sir Thank you very much Facebook Fu Ho Cheung @ Cheung Sha Wan Catholic Secondary School Derek Liu 5** Derek Liu Derek Liu 04 DSE Capture by Derek Plan A Paper 1 + 2 Plan B Paper 3 + 4 ,? Regular Course ,? Paper 1 ,Paper 2? , ?,! DSE 324 ? 5/5*/5**, ! 1. Paper 1 Mock Paper Set X + 2. 5** Sample Scripts for 8 Elective Modules ,? Regular Course ,? ,Paper 3 (2-3 ? ), + Paper 4 (5 ?), Conversational Strate gies! DSE 24 ? 5/5*/5**,! 1. Golden Ideas for Group Discussion 2. Group Discussion Samples (6 sets) 3. Individual Response Samples (10 sets) 2013 , ,! 3 DSE , ! 05 Plan A Paper1 Paper 1 + Paper 2 ?4? Reading (1. 5 lessons)  « 100% 2012 Past Paper! ?(Paper 1+2)!  « DSE!  « Poem Reading, , ,? ,!  « 1. 5 : (1) Guess meaning? (2) Pronoun Reference? (3) Information completion? (4) Blank-filling? (5) M. C. Cloze? (6) Sequencing? (7) Matching? (8) Summary Cloze? (9) Evidence quoting? 10) Openended questions? (11) Tone & Style? (12) Poem reading? (13) Underlying message? (14) Others  « , , 1. Mock Paper Set X,100% , Paper2 Writing (2. 5 lessons)  « Derek Liu English Team , 2. 5? !!  « 4 ? Short Tasks ( ), ?8 Short Task , examinable topics!  « 8 ? Long Tasks ( writing formats & writing types), Regular Course ?Writing Formulae, ,KO ! Sample Essays (50 pages! ) 06 2013 Plan A Paper2 ( ) Paper 1 + Paper 2 ?4? Writing (2. 5 lessons) / , 30? , ! This kind of obsc ene materials convey nothing but pornography addiction and casual sex. The big thing about Steve Jobs is not his genius or his charisma but his extraordinary risk-taking and innovation. Lady Gaga In Lady Gaga’s new MV ‘Telephone’, she just pranced around almost completely naked. The video was disgusting and full of raunchiness. Steve Jobs redefined the music business through the iPod, the cellphone business through the iPhone and the entertainment and media world through the iPad. Steve Jobs 5 ! ,ElectiveModules,Regular Course ! †¢ Learning English through Debating †¢ Learning English through Social Issues English through Sports Communication †¢ Learning English through Workplace Communication †¢ Learning English through Popular Culture Learning †¢ Learning English through Short Stories †¢ †¢ Learning English through Drama & Songs †¢ Learning English through Poems , , 07 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar A6ENGLDLA : Paper 1 + 2 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) Plan A By Derek Liu English Team by Derek Liu KB01 KB02 KB03 KB04 KB05 KB06 KB07 KB08 KB09 KB10 KB11 KB12 KB13 KB14 KB15 KB16 KB17 KB18 KB19 KB20 KB21 KB22 KB23 TK01 TK02 TK03 TK04 TK05 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Fri 6:00-7:15 pm Fri 6:00-7:15 pm Sat 4:45-6:00 pm Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Sat 10:05-11:20 am Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Sun 2:05-3:20 pm Fri 3:25-4:40 pm Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm Wed 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm Thu 6:00-7:15 pm Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Tue 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( Mon 12:45-2:00 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Sat 6:00-7:15 pm Mon 6:00-7:15 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/ 3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 5/3-12/3 4V ( ) 19/3-26/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 5/3-26/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 13/3-20/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V $540 08 ## @ Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar MK01 MK02 MK03 MK04 MK05 MK06 MK07 MK08 MK09 MK10 MK11 MK12 MK13 MK14 TW01 TW02 TW03 TW04 TW05 TW06 TW07 TW08 TW09 TW10 TW11 TW12 YL01 YL02 YL03 YL04 YL05 YL06 ## ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Fri 8:30-9:45 pm Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( Sat 3:25-4:40 pm Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) S at 11:25-12:40 pm Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Thu 8:30-9:45 pm Wed 4:45-6:00 pm Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Thu 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Thu 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 3/3-10/3 4V 17/3-24/3 4V 9/3-16/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 10/3-17/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 11/3-18/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-11/3 4V 18/3-25/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V 9/3-16/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V ( ) 15/3-22/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 6/3-27/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 7/3-14/3 4V 21/3-28/3 4V 13/3-20/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V 15/3-22/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 4/3-11/3 4V 3/3-10/3 4V $540 @ , 09 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar TM01 TM02 TM03 TM04 TM05 TM06 TM07 TM08 TM09 TM10 S101 S102 S201 S202 S203 S204 S205 S206 S207 FT01 FT02 F T03 FT04 TY01 TY02 TY03 FL01 FL02 FL03 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Thu 7:15-8:30 pm Sat 3:25-4:40 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( Tue 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30 pm Fri 7:15-8:30 pm Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Fri 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Thu 6:00-7:15 pm Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Mon 7:15-8:30 pm ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 12/3-19/3 4V 26/3-2/4 4V 5/3-12/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V ( ) 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 15/3-22/3 4V 11/3-18/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 7/3-14/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 10/3-17/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V $540 10 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar Sat 10:05-11:20 am CB01 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm CB02 Fri 8:30-9:45 pm CB03 Sat 4:45-6:00 pm CB04 Sat 3:25-4:40 pm CB05 Sat 12:45-2:00 pm NP01 Sat 3:25-4:40 pm NP02 Sun 3:25-4:40 pm NP03 Mon 7:15-8:30 pm NP04 Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) NP05 AB01 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) AB02 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 9/3-6/4 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V ( ) 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 5/3-12/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V $540 ## @ , 11 Plan B Paper3 Paper 3 + Paper 4 ?4? Listening (2 lessons)  « 100% 2012Past Paper ! !  « 3? Long Tasks Format! Marking Scheme, Long Tasks!  « 4? Short Tasks, Ta pescript , !  « DSE? CE & AL ,!  « 2 : Short Tasks Long Tasks †¢ Form-filling / Checklist / Table-filling / Others †¢ Opening ( ) & Closing ( ) / Layout ( ) Non-reply Letter Reply Letter Article Speech Personal Profile Simple Report Press Release Email Content ( ) & Relevance ( ) ?/? Data File ?Answers Data File 12 Plan B Paper4 Paper 3 + Paper 4 ?4? Speaking (2 lessons)  « 5 , Paper 4!!  « Conversational Strategies, Sentence Patterns? Useful Diction? Golden Ideas,!  « Sample Discussion? Sample Responses,? 14!  « 2 : Group Discussion 1. 2. 3. 4. Elaborate by Examples Elaborate by borrowing Elaborate by Dos/Don’ts Elaborate by providing alternatives 5. Give concrete names 6. Elaborate by listing the pros and cons Individual Response dead air ! 6. Giving & Supporting Opinions 7. Agreeing & Disagreeing 8. Advantages & Disadvantages 9. Proposing Solutions to Problems 7. Ask ‘Wh-’ questions and provide answers 8. Elaborate by ‘Ifâ₠¬â„¢ 9. Lead the members 10.Refute the others 11. Offer assistance 1. Do you prefer X to Y? 2. What do you dislike about X? 3. What do you like most about X? 4. Why do some people like X? 5. How would you improve X? 1 5% ! 1. Golden Ideas for Group Discussion 2. Group Discussion Samples (6 sets) 3. Individual Response Samples (10 sets) Derek Liu English Team! 13 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar A6ENGLDLB KB01 KB02 KB03 KB04 KB05 KB06 KB07 KB08 KB09 KB10 KB11 KB12 KB13 KB14 KB15 1. : Paper 3 + 4 2. ?3? 4 Paper 4 -Oral , 4 5 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions)Plan B By Derek Liu English Team by Derek Liu Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 1/3,26/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 22/3,3/5 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 2/3-9/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 16/3-23/3 4V Sat 4:45-6:00 pm 27/4-4/5 Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 3/3-10/3 4V Sat 10:05-11:20 am 27/4-4/5 Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 17/3-24/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30 pm 1/3-8/3, 26/4-3/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30 pm 15/3-22/3 4V Fri 6:00-7:15 pm 26/4-3/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 7/3-14/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 27/4-4/5 ( ) Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 21/3-28/3 4V Fri 6:00-7:15 pm 26/4-3/5 Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( 4/3 4V Tue 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 30/4 Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 25/3 4V Tue 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 7/5 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 27/3 4V Sun 10:05-11:20 am 28/4-5/5 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 2/4 4V Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 28/4-5/5 Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 5/4 4V Sun 12:45-2:00 pm 28/4-5/5 $540 14 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar TK01 TK02 TK03 TK04 MK01 MK02 MK03 MK04 MK05 MK06 MK07 MK08 MK09 MK10 TW01 TW02 TW03 TW04 TW05 TW06 TW07 ?4? (V. L. P. (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 1/3,26/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 22/3,3/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 4/5 Sat 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 19/3 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00 pm 2/3-9/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Sat 12:45-2:00 pm 16/3-23/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 27/4-4/5 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 23/3,4/5 4V Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) 3/3,5/5 4V Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) 24/3 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( 5/5 Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 4/3,6/5 4V Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 25/3 4V Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 26/4-3/5 ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 5/3 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 27/4-4/5 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 12/3 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 28/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 23/3,4/5 4V Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 1/3-8/3 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 26/4 Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 15/3-22/3 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/5 Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/4,8/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( 5/4 4V Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 26/4-3/5 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 6/3 4V Sat 11:25-12:40 pm 27/4-4/5 @ , $540 ## 15 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape Cap Star TW08 YL01 YL02 YL03 YL04 TM01 TM02 TM03 TM04 TM05 TM06 S101 S201 S202 S203 S204 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 27/3 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 25/4-2/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 2/3-9/3 Sat 10:05-11:20 am 4V 26/4 Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 10:05-11:20 am 4V 3/5 Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( 17/3 Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 24/3 Sun 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 10/3,5/5 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 17/3 Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 9/3-16/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 2/5 Thu 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 24/3 Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 4/5 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) ( ) 23/3-6/4 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 25/4 Thu 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 5/3 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( 4V 28/4-5/5 Sun 10:05-11:20 am 2/4,30/4 4V Tue 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 2/3-9/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 27/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 16/3-23/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 22/3-5/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/5 Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4/5 $540 16 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar FT01 FT02 FT03 TY01 TY02 FL01 FL02 CB01 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) CB02 CB03 NP01 NP02 NP03 NP04 AB01 AB02 /3-9/3 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 4V 27/4 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 11:25-12:40 pm 4V 4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 21/3-28/3 Thu 4:45-6:00 pm 4V 2/5 Thu 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 14/3 Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm (DL) 4V 27/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 21/3 Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm (DL) 4V 4/5 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 3/3,5/5 Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 4V Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 24/3,12/5 4V 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 3:25-4:40; 4:45-6:00 pm ( ) 27/3-3/4 Wed 8:30-9:45 pm 4V 26/4-3/5 Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 2/4 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( 4V 27/4-4/5 Sat 2:05 -3:20 pm ( ) 1/3 Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 27/4-4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00 pm Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 7/3-14/3, 2/5-9/5 4V Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 22/3 4V Sat 3:25-4:40 pm 27/4-4/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 21/3-28/3 Sun 3:25-4:40 pm 5/5 4V Mon 7:15-8:30 pm 6/5 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 27/4 Mon 8:30-9:45 pm 25/3 Tue 6:00-7:15 pm 2/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 4/5 $540 ## @ , 17 Capture (Plan A/B) ? DSE www. derekliu. com. hk ? Derek’s Blog ( )